Dictionary of special terms for gardeners and gardeners

Dictionary of terms for gardeners and vegetable gardeners

• Agricultural technology of vegetable crops — growing plants, including tillage and fertilization of the soil, matching seeds to sowing, sowing, care and harvesting.
• Potless seedling method — growing plants by sowing seeds directly into the ground (protected or open).
• Permanent culture - cultivated in the same field for a long time.
• Biofuel — organic waste (manure, straw, processed garbage), which, when decomposed by microorganisms, provides heat used in heating greenhouses, greenhouses, and beds
• Budding - the phase of plant development during which buds are formed from flower buds, producing flowers when they bloom.
• Var garden - garden putty (petrolatum), used to cover wounds on the trunks of fruit trees.
• Vegetative propagation - propagation by vegetative parts of plants (cuttings, rhizomes).
• Viral plant diseases — specific infectious diseases; pathogens are non-cellular particles enclosed in a protein shell (viruses) that can reproduce in living plant cells.
• Soil moisture capacity - the ability to hold a certain amount of water.
• Air humidity — water vapor content in the air.
• Humidity relative - the amount of water in the air compared to the saturation level at the same temperature; expressed as a percentage.
• Water shortage - a state of a plant in which it loses more water than it can receive; leads to withering.
• Seed germination — the ability to form normally developed seedlings; affects the seeding rate.
• Forcing - an agricultural technique that ensures the production of fresh vegetables in the off-season (autumn-winter and winter-spring) mainly in protected soil from roots, tubers, bulbs, the nutrients in which have been accumulated in open ground.
• Hybrid - an organism resulting from the crossing of genetically different parental forms.
• Hygroscopicity of seeds - ability to absorb moisture from the environment.
• Hydroponics - a method of growing vegetable and other plants without soil in a solid substrate (gravel, sand), in water, in a nutrient solution with periodic spraying of the roots with this solution.
• peephole - kidney.
• Humus (humus) - the most important part of soil organic matter, formed during the decomposition of plant and animal residues.
• Dioecious plants - with female flowers on some individuals and male flowers on others.
• Ripening - ripening of plant fruits (tomatoes) in artificial conditions - storage facilities, warehouses, greenhouses.
• Growing up - an agrotechnical technique aimed at obtaining fresh vegetables from plants dug in autumn in greenhouses and greenhouses.
• Breath - the process of oxygen absorption by plant cells and tissues, as a result of which the energy necessary for growth and development is released.
• Seed placement — backfilling with a loose layer of soil during sowing.
• Hardening off plants - keeping swollen seeds at negative temperatures, and seedlings, seedlings and young plants at low positive temperatures to increase resistance to cold.
• Soil salinization - an excess of easily soluble salts that depress and destroy plants.
• tooth - a simple onion that has its own bottom, dry and juicy scales and an internal bud (for example, garlic).
• Insecticide - a chemical substance for controlling insects.
• Calibration — separation of vegetables, seeds by size, shape, etc. into factions.
• Cambium - educational tissue located between the bark and wood, consisting of actively dividing cells; As a result of differentiation of the cambium, various tissues are formed.
• Quarantine weeds — especially harmful weeds that are absent or limited in distribution in the area.
• Soil acidity - a property of soil caused by the presence of hydrogen ions in the soil solution and exchangeable ions of hydrogen and aluminum in the soil absorption complex.
• Clone - the offspring of one plant obtained by vegetative propagation.
• Knee - often a stem with a sprout: epicotyledon - between the cotyledons and the first true leaves, subcotyledon - between the root collar and cotyledons.
• Compost - organic fertilizer obtained as a result of the decomposition of organic waste of plant or animal origin.
• Root collar - a part of a plant developing from the subcotyledon during seed propagation, or a conditional boundary between the root system and the above-ground part.
• Root cutting - a piece of root (rhizome) for plant propagation.
• Backstage - a row or narrow strip of 2-3 rows of tall plants, between which other, less hardy, heat-loving crops are grown; The wings are positioned across the direction of the prevailing winds.
• Cultural circulation - seeds of crops in greenhouses, hotbeds throughout the year on the same area.
• internode - a section of the stem between two adjacent nodes.
• Bridge landing - placement of bulbs close to each other, usually carried out in greenhouses or greenhouses for economical use of space.
• Mulch - a layer of loose material, such as peat, compost or sawdust, which is laid on the surface of the soil to retain moisture and protect against weeds; Black and opaque film is also used as mulch.
• Reservoir turnover - the second plowing of virgin soil, fallow land or field of perennial grasses.
• Budding - one of the methods of grafting buds (eyes) of a cultivated variety onto a rootstock.
• Hilling — loosening the top layer of soil between the rows and rolling it against the plant.
• Pollination - transfer of pollen from the stamens to the stigma.
• Pollination - the process of application to a plant, soil, etc. chemical powder, dusts, ash to combat pests and diseases.
• Axillary bud - a bud located in the axil of a leaf.
• pasynkovanie - removal of a shoot from the axil of a plant leaf (for example, tomatoes) in order to properly form it and obtain a high yield of fruits.
• Humus - a homogeneous earthy mass formed as a result of the decomposition of manure and organic residues of plant or animal origin.
• Rest period - a period during which growth processes in the plant almost completely stop.
• Picking - transplanting seedlings in the phase of well-developed cotyledons or at the beginning of the formation of the first true leaf, providing it with a larger feeding area.
• Pikuli - two- to three-day-old ovaries of cucumbers, eaten salted or pickled.
• Scourge - long, thin stems and shoots of creeping and climbing plants (cucumbers, pumpkins).
• Power area - an area of ​​soil per plant.
• The escape - the upper part of the stem with leaves, formed during one growing season.
• Rootstock - a plant or part of it onto which a part of another plant is grafted.
• Station - a method of storing and growing young and small root crops of parsley and celery by digging in greenhouses and basements.
• Testes - plants isolated to obtain seeds from them; grown in special areas with high agricultural technology.
• Solanin - a glucoside contained in tops, tubers and most of all in potato sprouts: it is very apple-like, so greened tubers should not be eaten.
• Stratification - one of the methods of pre-sowing seed preparation, which provides the most favorable conditions for post-harvest ripening and the passage of the “dormant” period by the seeds. During stratification, seeds, cuttings, and plant shoots are kept in damp sand, sawdust, peat, and moss at temperatures from 0 to +5°.
• Substrate - a nutrient medium for plants, for example soil, expanded clay, aqueous solution.
• Photosynthesis - the process of formation of organic substances from inorganic ones in a green plant with the participation of light energy accumulated by chlorophyll (the green pigment of the cell).
• Fungicides - chemical preparations for the destruction or prevention of the development of pathogenic fungi and bacteria - pathogens of vegetable and other plants.
• Flowering (stemming) — the formation of stems in biennial plants and their flowering in the first year of life occurs under the influence of hypothermia, lack of moisture, and changes in daylight hours.
• Coinage - removal of shoot tips or top shoots to stop growth and speed up ripening.
• Shtamb - part of a tree trunk from the root collar to the first branch.